Оригинал на английском:
11 Read the text "Norse Mythology" and complete it with the phrases below.
a) by throwing darts and stones at
b) wit, breath, hearing, vision
c) both dead and alive
d) war then breaks out
e) is known for his wisdom
f) tells him the truth
g) who was an Icelandic historian and
h) from his blood
i) live in peace and work together
j) symbolise other value
Norse Mythology
Germanic and Scandinavian Mythology have a common origin. The main body of traditions is contained in "Edda", written by Snorri Sturluson (c. 1179—1241), 1._the most accurate editor, and interpreter of the old Norse religion and mythology.
In this mythology gods give two tree trunks the qualities of 2._, and so on. These tree trunks become the first man Askr and the first woman Embla. In some versions, the council of the gods gathers around the tree of fate. The tree is supported by three roots; one of the roots stretches to the underworld, another to the world of giants, and the last one to the world of human beings. The whole life and well-being of the world is depended on this tree, called Yggdrasil.
The Norse gods are divided into the major groups, the Aesir and the Vanir. The most important of the Aesir are Odin, Thor [0d:] and sometimes Tyr. Their counterparts among the Vanir are Njord, Frey and Freya. The Vanir symbolize riches and fertility, they are associated with the earth and the sea. The Aesir 3.__; Odin is a magician, chief among the gods, and a patron of heroes; Thor is a god of the hammer, and a god of thunder, a mighty warrior and a defender of people.
In many of the Norse mythological cycles these two kinds of gods 4._. However, some of the myths report that in the distant past a fierce war was fought between the Aesir and the Vanir. The conflict between the gods begins when Odin and Thor, the greatest of the gods, refuse the full status of godhood to the Vanir; 5._. After both sides are exhausted, each side exchanges members of its group with the other; the Vanir send Njord and his son Frey, the Aesir, Mimir and Hoenir. The peace is celebrated by a meeting at which all the gods spit into a bowl, creating a giant called Kvasir, who is the sign of peace and harmony among the gods. Kvasir is later sacrificed and 6._a strong drink for the gods is made. Kvasir thus becomes the drink that gives pleasure to gods and inspires the poets.
An important mythological episode involves the gods Balder and Loki. Balder, one of the sons of Odin, 7.___. He holds court in a hall in heaven. Both gods and men come to him to settle legal disputes, and his judgments are always fair. Loki is a giant who is an Aesir by adoption. He and Odin have made a vow of friendship.
Balder has a very disturbing dream in which his life is threatened. He tells about this dream to the Aesir and his mother, Frigg, does it so that fire, water, all metals, birds and beasts, and earth and stones promise that they will not harm Balder. After this the Aesir begin to amuse themselves 8. ____ Balder, who remains unharmed. When Loki sees this spectacle, he disguises himself as a woman and asks Frigg why Balder suffers no harm. Frigg 9._ and also tells him that one form of nature, the mistletoe1, didn't make a promise not to harm Balder. Loki immediately brings the mistletoe to the assembly of the Aesir and offers it to the blind god Hoder, brother of Balder, volunteering to direct his arm so that he can participate in the game. When the mistletoe touches Balder, he falls dead.
Balder goes to the country of the dead. When Odin asks to release him, Hel, the keeper of the dead, responds that he can do it only if everything in the world 10._weeps for Balder; otherwise he will remain with Hel. The Aesir sends messengers throughout the world requiring all nature, humanity, gods and beasts to weep for Balder. All respond except a giantess, Thokk (Loki in disguise), whose refusal to weep forces Balder to remain in the country of the dead.
a) by throwing darts and stones at
b) wit, breath, hearing, vision
c) both dead and alive
d) war then breaks out
e) is known for his wisdom
f) tells him the truth
g) who was an Icelandic historian and
h) from his blood
i) live in peace and work together
j) symbolise other value
Norse Mythology
Germanic and Scandinavian Mythology have a common origin. The main body of traditions is contained in "Edda", written by Snorri Sturluson (c. 1179—1241), 1._the most accurate editor, and interpreter of the old Norse religion and mythology.
In this mythology gods give two tree trunks the qualities of 2._, and so on. These tree trunks become the first man Askr and the first woman Embla. In some versions, the council of the gods gathers around the tree of fate. The tree is supported by three roots; one of the roots stretches to the underworld, another to the world of giants, and the last one to the world of human beings. The whole life and well-being of the world is depended on this tree, called Yggdrasil.
The Norse gods are divided into the major groups, the Aesir and the Vanir. The most important of the Aesir are Odin, Thor [0d:] and sometimes Tyr. Their counterparts among the Vanir are Njord, Frey and Freya. The Vanir symbolize riches and fertility, they are associated with the earth and the sea. The Aesir 3.__; Odin is a magician, chief among the gods, and a patron of heroes; Thor is a god of the hammer, and a god of thunder, a mighty warrior and a defender of people.
In many of the Norse mythological cycles these two kinds of gods 4._. However, some of the myths report that in the distant past a fierce war was fought between the Aesir and the Vanir. The conflict between the gods begins when Odin and Thor, the greatest of the gods, refuse the full status of godhood to the Vanir; 5._. After both sides are exhausted, each side exchanges members of its group with the other; the Vanir send Njord and his son Frey, the Aesir, Mimir and Hoenir. The peace is celebrated by a meeting at which all the gods spit into a bowl, creating a giant called Kvasir, who is the sign of peace and harmony among the gods. Kvasir is later sacrificed and 6._a strong drink for the gods is made. Kvasir thus becomes the drink that gives pleasure to gods and inspires the poets.
An important mythological episode involves the gods Balder and Loki. Balder, one of the sons of Odin, 7.___. He holds court in a hall in heaven. Both gods and men come to him to settle legal disputes, and his judgments are always fair. Loki is a giant who is an Aesir by adoption. He and Odin have made a vow of friendship.
Balder has a very disturbing dream in which his life is threatened. He tells about this dream to the Aesir and his mother, Frigg, does it so that fire, water, all metals, birds and beasts, and earth and stones promise that they will not harm Balder. After this the Aesir begin to amuse themselves 8. ____ Balder, who remains unharmed. When Loki sees this spectacle, he disguises himself as a woman and asks Frigg why Balder suffers no harm. Frigg 9._ and also tells him that one form of nature, the mistletoe1, didn't make a promise not to harm Balder. Loki immediately brings the mistletoe to the assembly of the Aesir and offers it to the blind god Hoder, brother of Balder, volunteering to direct his arm so that he can participate in the game. When the mistletoe touches Balder, he falls dead.
Balder goes to the country of the dead. When Odin asks to release him, Hel, the keeper of the dead, responds that he can do it only if everything in the world 10._weeps for Balder; otherwise he will remain with Hel. The Aesir sends messengers throughout the world requiring all nature, humanity, gods and beasts to weep for Balder. All respond except a giantess, Thokk (Loki in disguise), whose refusal to weep forces Balder to remain in the country of the dead.