Оригинал на английском:
New Grammar
PUNCTUATION
Punctuation exists to show the boundaries of grammatical units and to indicate grammatical information which is marked when we speak by means of intonation, pinch, etc.
Punctuation consists of both rules and conventions. Punctuation rules have to be followed; but punctuation conventions give writers greater freedom and allow choices.
There are many ways in which written texts can be punctuated. The major punctuation marks are full stops, question marks, commas, exclamation marks, colons, semi-colons, apostrophes and dashes. The most frequent forms are the full stop (‘period’ in American English) and the comma.
COMMON PUNCTUATION MARKS
(SYMBOLS AND TYPOGRAPHIC CONVENTIONS
. = full stop, period, dot, (decimal) point
, = comma
: = colon
; = semi-colon
? = question mark
! = exclamation mark
— = dash
’ = apostrophe (as in Ann’s
“ ” = quotation marks, double quotes ‘ ’ = single quotes
- = hyphen (when used to separate parts of words
* = asterisk
& = and
@ = at (in email addresses
/ = (forward) slash
\ = backwards slash or backslash
% = per cent, percentage
() = (round) brackets
( = open bracket
) = close bracket
[ ] = square brackets
{ } = chain brackets
< > = diamond brackets)
__ = underline
Letter = bold (on first letter
air = italics
3.4 = three point four
34 Name these punctuation marks and symbols.
PUNCTUATION
Punctuation exists to show the boundaries of grammatical units and to indicate grammatical information which is marked when we speak by means of intonation, pinch, etc.
Punctuation consists of both rules and conventions. Punctuation rules have to be followed; but punctuation conventions give writers greater freedom and allow choices.
There are many ways in which written texts can be punctuated. The major punctuation marks are full stops, question marks, commas, exclamation marks, colons, semi-colons, apostrophes and dashes. The most frequent forms are the full stop (‘period’ in American English) and the comma.
COMMON PUNCTUATION MARKS
(SYMBOLS AND TYPOGRAPHIC CONVENTIONS
. = full stop, period, dot, (decimal) point
, = comma
: = colon
; = semi-colon
? = question mark
! = exclamation mark
— = dash
’ = apostrophe (as in Ann’s
“ ” = quotation marks, double quotes ‘ ’ = single quotes
- = hyphen (when used to separate parts of words
* = asterisk
& = and
@ = at (in email addresses
/ = (forward) slash
\ = backwards slash or backslash
% = per cent, percentage
() = (round) brackets
( = open bracket
) = close bracket
[ ] = square brackets
{ } = chain brackets
< > = diamond brackets)
__ = underline
Letter = bold (on first letter
air = italics
3.4 = three point four
34 Name these punctuation marks and symbols.